2:15 - 3:45 PM | CHALLENGES IN ADDRESSING CHILD LABOR IN AGRICULTURE Child labor is not an isolated phenomenon, but rather often takes root in regions characterized by crippling poverty, limited educational opportunities, vulnerable crops, and weak social and technical infrastructure. Simply banning child labor in official laws does not necessarily solve the problem. Confronting the worst forms of child labor on smallholder family farms adds another layer of complexity due to the decreased visibility of children’s work on family farms. This panel looks at these challenges through various overlapping and sometimes conflicting perspectives: international policymaking, regional development, ethical sourcing, and individual agency – with the objective of identifying more innovative approaches to addressing the underlying factors that drive unacceptable child labor. Prof. Alfred Babo Associate Professor of Anthropology and Sociology | University of Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire Currently Visiting Professor at Smith College Patricia Jurewicz Director | Responsible Sourcing Network Prof. Deborah Levison Professor, Humphrey School of Public Affairs | University of Minnesota Dr. Howard-Yana Shapiro | Moderator Chief Agricultural Officer | Mars, Inc. Senior Fellow | University of California, Davis